The difference between the egocentrism of adolescents and that of preoperational children is:

The difference between the egocentrism of adolescents and that of preoperational children is a well-developed theory of mind in adolescence.
Egocentrism with preoperational children is pretty much unconscious - it refers to them referring to the world based only from their own perspective. On the other hand, egocentrism with adolescents has to do with higher mind processes because their minds are much more developed than that of a child.

productive most commonly means: achieving or producing a significant amount or result.

explanation:

productive can also mean:

producing or giving rise torelating to or engaged in the production of goods, crops, or other commodities.

these depend on how the word productive is used. most likely productive will mean   achieving or producing a significant amount or result.

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