Which of the following is not normally considered an element of culture?
a. values and belief systems
b. religious practices
c. gender roles in society
d. race or skin color

The fourth answer is correct (D).

Values, religious practices and gender roles are considered as cultural characteristics, since it manifest themselves in different ways in different societies.

Although black culture exists, expressing itself in the music and style of people, the color of the skin itself is not a cultural element. Skin color is a biological issue.

answer; the correct answer is (d) binge eating followed by compensatory behavior;