Please help me I only have a little time left What mean voluntarism and what are the main characteristics

Explanation:

the principle or system of doing something by or relying on voluntary action or volunteers. 2 : a theory that conceives will to be the dominant factor in experience or in the world.

answer; i believe the correct answer is (a) the correlation between the cause variable and outcome variable is zero;

answer; dr.black,who allows only certain individuals to mate;