The defendant in a criminal case made several mistakes during his trial. For one, he used lots of hand gestures, taking focus away from his testimony. He also seemed a bit overconfident. His attorney also pointed out another significant error he made during the hearing. Which of the following might have the attorney mentioned? showing respect to court officials

addressing the judge as “Your Honor”

crossing his arms while on the witness stand

wearing business attire to the hearing

The defendant, angered because a rival gang member had twice beaten him up after school, obtained a heavy lead pipe and waited in a deserted alleyway which he knew the rival took as a route home every day after school. when his enemy came walking down the alley, the defendant leapt out behind him and smashed the pipe into the victim's head, knocking him to the ground. the defendant then rolled the victim over and pounded his face with 15 to 20 heavy blows with the lead pipe, killing him. the jurisdiction defines first degree murder as murder committed with premeditation and deliberation. all other murders are defined as second degree murders. why will the defendant be convicted of first degree murder (as opposed to second degree murder)?