What is the term for the up and down movement of a plane

What is the difference between one’s motive and one’s intent to commit a crime, and which is the most important in our legal system?

The controlled use of fire by hominids: (a) limited the expansion of hominids into certain environments, such as dry grasslands. (b) decreased the amount of food energy available in the hominid diet. (c) contributed to geographical expansion and food production techniques in positive ways. (d) has been shown to contribute little to the digestive process of hominids.

Five methods of nomination used today include: select all that apply convention caucus direct primary inheritance promotion petition announcement