"For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury." Which legal change after the American Revolution most likely resulted from this grievance?

What event was one of the greatest factors that led to massive emigration from ireland to the united states in the mid—1800s

Adefendant visited her doctor to seek treatment for a bullet wound. while he was treating the wound, the doctor asked the defendant how she was shot. the defendant replied that she was struck by a police officer’s bullet while running away from a jewelry store she had robbed, but she implored the doctor not to tell this to anyone. the doctor promised that he would not. although the defendant was never charged by the police, the owner of the jewelry store brought suit against her seeking the value of the stolen goods. the defendant denied robbing the store. at the trial, the owner calls the doctor to testify to the statement made to him by the defendant. the defense attorney objects on the ground that such testimony is barred by the jurisdiction’s physician-patient privilege. should the objection be sustained?

What are objects called that have value in and of themselves as well as value as a means of exchange? custom commodity money currency simple money