Lower court judges tend not to contradict the Supreme Court because of which of the following? Select one:

a.
All of the answers are correct

b.
Reversed decisions will bring greater scrutiny

c.
A reversed decision is a defeat for the judge

d.
Frequent reversals could damage a judge’s reputation

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.