But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists of giving those who administer each department, the necessary constitutional means, and personal motives, to resist encroachment of the others.” Source: James Madison, President of the United States (1809-1817), The Federalist Papers: No. 51, published February 8, 1788

In this excerpt, Madison is referring to which ONE of the following US government foundational principles?

Select one:

a.
Social contract

b.
Federalism

c.
Natural rights

d.
Separation of powers

there are conflicting perceptions. what cannot be denied is that despite a long history of discrimination, they finally chose to bow out in grace and handed over power to the majority. it was a painful experience for them to part with their prerogatives and some chose to leave the country. however, they did decide to bite the bullet and go through the process with minimum obstructions.

presently, whites are still a force to reckon with. they are well educated, have technical and business expertise, they understand imperatives of good governance and are responsible for keeping south africa connected with developed countries. despite a bitter history, they are useful team members of the south african team.

a factory opens that mass-produces light bulbs.

explanation:

not sure if that's an answer to your questions but this is an example! : )

swahili is an extremely rich and complex civilization, a set of ethnic groups articulated by a language and a series of cultural elements that fuse the african traditions, islam and indian culture. this growth was largely a result of the indian ocean trading network that brought in not just man-made riches, but also religious ideas, specifically islam, which had a significant impact on the local culture. furthermore, the development of the swahili language gave a common cultural unity to the people.