For each of the following passages, first indicate whether or not it constitutes an argument by making the appropriate selection in the upper area. If it does constitute an argument, choose the standard form that best represents the passage, then indicate whether it is a good or bad argument, and why. You should make one selection in each column of choices in the lower area. If it does not constitute an argument, be sure to select "it is not an argument" in both of the two columns in the lower area. I have, also, reason to believe that humble-bees are indispensable to the fertilisation of the heartsease (Viola tricolor), for other bees do not visit this flower. From experiments which I have tried, I have found that the visits of bees, if not indispensable, are at least highly beneficial to the fertilisation of our clovers; but humble-bees alone visit the common red clover (Trifolium pratense), as other bees cannot reach the nectar. Hence I have very little doubt, that if the whole genus of humble-bees became extinct or very rare in England, the heartsease and red clover would become very rare, or wholly disappear.
Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species A. O It is an argument It is not an argument B. It is not an argument A. B. Other bees (than the humble-bee) do not visit heartsease. Humble-bees are indispensable to the fertilisation of the heartsease (Viola tricolor). If the whole genus of humble-bees became extinct or very rare in England, the heartsease and red clover would become very rare, or wholly disappear. Humble-bees alone visit the common red clover (Trifolium pratense), as other bees cannot reach the nectar. : From experiments which I have tried, I have found that the visits of bees, if not indispensable, are at least highly beneficial to the fertilisation of our clovers. C. O Other bees (than the humble-bee) do not visit heartsease. From experiments which I have tried, I have found that the visits of bees, if not indispensable, are at least highly beneficial to the fertilisation of our clovers. Humble-bees alone visit the common red clover (Trifolium pratense), as other bees cannot reach the nectar. .. Humble-bees are indispensable to the fertilisation of the heartsease (Viola tricolor). If the whole genus of humble-bees became extinct or very rare in England, the heartsease and red clover would become very rare, or wholly disappear. D. O Other bees (than the humble-bee) do not visit heartsease. From experiments which I have tried, I have found that the visits of bees, if not indispensable, are at least highly beneficial to the fertilisation of our clovers. Humble-bees are indispensable to the fertilisation of the heartsease (Viola tricolor). If the whole genus of humble-bees became extinct or very rare in England, the heartsease and red clover would become very rare, or wholly disappear. .. Humble-bees alone visit the common red clover (Trifolium pratense), as other bees cannot reach the nectar. E. O Other bees (than the humble-bee) do not visit heartsease. From experiments which I have tried, I have found that the visits of bees, if not indispensable, are at least highly beneficial to the fertilisation of our clovers. Humble-bees alone visit the common red clover (Trifolium pratense), as other bees cannot reach the nectar. Humble-bees are indispensable to the fertilisation of the heartsease (Viola tricolor). If the whole genus of humble-bees became extinct or very rare in England, the heartsease and red clover would become very rare, or wholly disappear. :: Humble-bees alone visit the common red clover (Trifolium pratense), as other bees cannot reach the nectar. A. O It is not an argument B. O Good argument: premises all true and force the truth of the conclusion C. O Good argument: premises all true and support the conclusion (though they may not force the truth of it) D. O Bad argument: one or more premises are false (though the premises do support the conclusion) E. O Bad argument: premises are all true but do not support conclusion F. O Bad argument: one or more premises are false and premises do not support conclusion