Meaning of indicator of development​

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?

Arecession is the total value of all goods produced in a country in a given year total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year total amount of money earned in a nation over a specific period of time none of the answers are correct.

Identify why the western ports were important to the united states.