In Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer's classic experiment, participants were injected with epinephrine and either informed or not informed about the drug's effects. Participants were later asked to rate their own emotional states. In this experiment, participants' emotion ratings are the:

Early studies showed that most emotions exhibited the same physicological reactions. More recent studies have showed some discrimination between extreme emotions.

The researchers hypothesize that "an emotional state may be considered a function of a state of physiological arousal and of a cognition appropriate to this state of arousal". "Cognitions arising from the immediate situation as interpreted by past experience provide the framework wihin which one understand and labels his feelings".

the secretary of state, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the senate, is the president's chief foreign affairs adviser. the secretary carries out the president's foreign policies through the state department and the foreign service of the united states.