In Great Britain, civil servants are directed explicitly by the ministers in charge of their departments. In the United States, civil servants often must obey both the heads of their agencies and:

Congress

Explanation:

Civil servants in the US have to obey the agency they are employed under as well as Congress the president has no right to take punitive actions against them based on the constitution. when they have an opinion on issues civil servants have to use what is the chain of command to fight for decisions that are in line with the constitution as well as the law.

answer; i had to look this up and the only one i found was(last only 15 minutes) plz check first and good luck;

answer; reactive is your answer; good luck