How and why has medicine usurped legal and religious institutions when it comes to defining norms/deviance?

answer; conventional stage;

answer; (r/t) reaction time;

the secretary of defense is the principal defense policy advisor to the president. under the direction of the president, the secretary exercises authority, direction, and control over the department of defense.

as you did not provide any choices for me to choose from to give you a direct answer, this is the only information i can provide.