So numerous indeed and so powerful are the causes which serve to give a false bias to the judgment, that we, upon many occasions, see wise and good men on the wrong as well as on the right side of questions of the first magnitude to society. This circumstance, if duly attended to, would furnish a lesson of moderation to those who are ever so much persuaded of their being in the right in any controversy. And a further reason for caution, in this respect, might be drawn from the reflection that we are not always sure that those who advocate the truth are influenced by purer principles than their antagonists. Ambition, avarice, personal animosity, party opposition, and many other motives not more laudable than these, are apt to operate as well upon those who support as those who oppose the right side of a question. Were there not even these inducements to moderation, nothing could be more ill-judged than that intolerant spirit which has, at all times, characterized political parties. What circumstance does Hamilton hope will provide a lesson to people?

Running and sleep. sufficient sleep is important for adolescents for both their neural and psychological development. despite this, daytıme sleepiness and poor physical and psychological functioning related to chronic sleep disturbances are common. there is a growing body of evidence that exercise is associated with both better sleep and improved psychological functioning sixty participants were recruited from a high school in northwesten switzerlandthey were randomly assigned to either a running group or a control group, 30 to each group the running group ran every moming for a little over 30 minutes on weekdays for a three-week period. all participants used a sleep log for subjective evaluation of sleep, and sleep was also objectively assessed at the beginning and end of the study using a sleep electroencephalographic device that measured quantities such as sleep efficiency and time spent in the four different sleep phases. running was found to have a positive impact on both objective and subjective measures of sleep functioning what are the explanatory variable(s) and the response variable(s)? (a) outline the design of the experiment (b) (c) here are some more details on the treatment and control groups. all participants arrived at school at 7 a.m., and the running group did two laps on the track and then ran cross countrv in groups of at least four people for 30 minutes the control group remained seated at the track, worked on horpework. and interacted with each other. when the runners returned, all participants prepared for school and ate a breaktast that was provided. iwhy do you think the experimenters had the control group arrive at 7 am interact withdassmates and have breaktast together? explain. do you think having the control eroup do these activities is important for the types of conclusion that can be reached? how?

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The primary purpose of a certificate of confidentiality is to: allow law enforcement to investigate abuse cases.protect researchers from disclosing conflicts of interest.prevent subjects from knowing the purpose of a study.protect identifiable research information from compelled disclosure.