An article from the New York Times, published on April 24, 2007, summarized research conducted by Dr. Vallortigara, a neuroscientist at the University of Trieste, Italy. In this study, Dr. Vallortigara assessed whether a dog's tail wags in a preferred direction in response to positive as opposed to negative stimuli. First, Dr. Vallortigara recruited 30 dogs that were family pets. While filming a dog's tail from above, he allowed the dog to view (through a slot in its cage) its owner, an unfamiliar human, a cat, and an unfamiliar dominant dog. The study found that dogs' tails wagged to the right for the owner and to the left for the unfamiliar dominant dog. What type of measure was the independent variable in this study

Tracey is a financial planner who received his cfp designation. tracey does not have any other designations or licenses. although tracey's expertise is investment planning, he is anxious to expand his client base and is willing to assist clients with any area of financial planning. over the last month tracey engaged in the following activities with troy, a new client.a. during the initial meeting, tracey collected personal data about troy including the estate planning documents troy had previously executed.b. during the second meeting, tracey recommended the use of a trust to fulfill some of troy's estate planning goals.c. troy called tracey one afternoon and asked if tracey could explain the probate process to him, which tracey promptly did.d. tracey downloaded a copy of a generic will from the internet, filled in troy's information and gave the document to troy to be executed.of the activities above, which would be considered the unauthorized practice of law?

New communication technologies, improved transportation, and advanced military weapons made it possible for countries to speed up acquiring territory. rule large amounts of territory. fight off competition from opposing nations. expand their economies, which aided in conguest.

To what is the growth of civilization most clearly traced