Beccaria argued that the threat of punishment controls crime. what other forms of social control exist? aside from the threat of legal punishment, what else controls your own behavior?

There is direct and indirect means of control, that may often be found in our homes or schools; praise and condemnation of behaviour is one direct way to control an individual, while an indirect approach may be through traditions, customs, etc. Positive and negative means of control, according to Kimble Young, involve praise, fame and respect in regards to positive control. Negative however, takes shape in the form of severe criticism, punishment and shame. 

D, because civic virtue is basically doing what’s morally good.