What were the 4 significant reasons why the first factories were started in Europe?

The dictionary definiton of a word reflects the of that word?

Mankiw attributes – chapter 1 and his 10 principles – differences in living standards within a countryover time and across countries at a moment in time to: a. the presence or absence of inflation and unemployment.b. the allocation of resources between private markets and the public sector.c. those that have dealt successfully with the efficiency v. equality tradeoff and those that haven’t.d. differences in productivity.e. ones that think at the margin and respond to incentives and those that don’t.

Which of the following policies is an example of a command-and-control policy? a. subsidies to education b. maximum levels of pollution that factories may emit c. tradable pollution permits d. none of the above is an example of a command-and-control policy.