Which of the following european countries did not establish a colony in india?

Germany did not establish a colony in India.

There are many other countries who established their colonies in India like Great Britain, Portuguese and France. Even many European countries have established colonial system outside their countries. There are many reasons for every country behind establishing colonies.

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.

citizens were able to charge more for their goods and services