The petition of right confirmed the supremacy of law over the

monarch

Explanation:

In 1628, the English Parliament created the Petition of Right over concerns about the monarch's  absolutism, and stated that the law was higher than the king. Therefore, it set limits to specific liberties the king is forbidden from violating, such as constraints on non-Parliamentary taxation, forced loans without Parliament approval, compulsory accommodation of soldiers within citizens' homes, imprisonment without cause and the use of martial law.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer; thin-slice judgments;