Affirmative action programs are designed to a. increase minority and female presence in college and certain professional environments b. prosecute victims of hate crimes based on race or gender c. steer more people towards trade schools and two-year colleges d. single out suspects based on skin color

A. increase minority and female presence in college and certain professional environments.

 The Affirmative action programs follow the policies that encourage the improvement in opening opportunities in society for groups that have been historically excluded. Usually the focus is on employment and education. That means the it is given preference to women, black people, or other groups that are treated unfairly, when it is choosing people for a job, for example.

answer; i believe the correct answer is (4) flip a coin as each participant arrives,heads indicates assignment to the first group: tails indicates assignment to the second group;

it would be d). more resources must be obtained to attain that combination of goods and services