Someone who takes charge and solves problems without being asked to is demonstrating
a. loyalty
b. malleability
c. cooperativeness
d. initiative

Someone who takes charge and solves problems without being asked to is demonstrating D. initiative.

Explanation: Initiative is shown when someone steps up to complete a task or assignment that was asked of them without being asked. Usually, people with initiative are driven and work hard to succeed in their field or field of study in school. Those with initiative end up becoming leaders due to the workload they are willing to take on.

probably 3 since archeologists and historians don’t understand there writing.

because he is that the right