Which type of primary is being described below?

voters declare their party allegiance and request ballots for their own party.
independents are excluded.
most states use this primary system.

closed primary
open primary
wide-open primary

Rational ignorance suggests that a. voters are ignorant on issues that are not of special interest to them b. voters do not pursue information about issues before voting c. low voter turnout is due to a lack of understanding of the platforms of each political party d. voters are uninterested in the electoral process

According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of research with human subjects? a researcher conducts a comparison of the comments made in a publicly available blog and the blogger's comments on a similar topic in a weekly magazine. undergraduate students in a field methods class are assigned a research question and asked to interview another classmate, to be followed by a class discussion on interview techniques. a cognitive psychologist enrolls undergraduate students for a computer-based study about the effect of mood on problem-solving behaviors. a researcher sets up a meeting with the superintendent of a large and diverse public school system to get data about the ethnic composition of the school system and the number of students receiving free lunches.

Predict how the transcontinental railroad will make a difference in the civil war. now, research the inventions of the 19th century. tell what other inventions of the 19th century will change the way people see and remember the war? why?