Understanding Cause and Effect Explain why scholar-officials might have felt more loyalty to Wu than did
members of the military aristocracy.

the first one is d and the second a

2b2t

explanation:

2b2t

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.