We think they of African ancestry are not included, and were not intended to be includedunder the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. Chief Justice Roger Which Supreme Court decision is excerpted above?

Chris, a master at office gossip and innuendo, says, "we know we have a corporate spy someplace in the organization, probably on the management team itself. there is no evidence that it is audrey. in fact, she's too clean, if you know what i mean. somebody should fire audrey; she's got to be the spy." by making this argument chris is actually engaging in (a) an appeal to emotion fallacy (b) a straw man fallacy (c) an appeal to ignorance fallacy (d) circular reasoning (e) an appeal to the mob fallacy