Which type of document usually describes the basic structure, functions, and powers of a government?

The constitution

Explanation:

Constitution is commonly known as the ultimate or supreme law of used in governing a particular land (Country).

The constitution ensure that there is Separation of Powers between the different branches of government to make sure that non enroach on the power of the other and importantly that no one person, branch or group becomes too powerful. It also has the Checks and Balances as it is the principle that state that the three branches of government which are legislative, Executive, and Judicial arms or branch of government should have some power each other that is the ability to check or limit the power of the other branches of government.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.