Here is the Essay Prompt: Under the 1st Amendment, what are the rights of someone protesting peacefully in the United States? Use the following bullet points to guide the structure of your response:
• Can the government shut down a protest if some people become non-peaceful even if most protesters remain peaceful?
• If a protest is deemed non-peaceful and shut down, can the government prohibit (stop) protests planned for the next day because some people at those protests might act non-peacefully?

The defendant, angered because a rival gang member had twice beaten him up after school, obtained a heavy lead pipe and waited in a deserted alleyway which he knew the rival took as a route home every day after school. when his enemy came walking down the alley, the defendant leapt out behind him and smashed the pipe into the victim's head, knocking him to the ground. the defendant then rolled the victim over and pounded his face with 15 to 20 heavy blows with the lead pipe, killing him. the jurisdiction defines first degree murder as murder committed with premeditation and deliberation. all other murders are defined as second degree murders. why will the defendant be convicted of first degree murder (as opposed to second degree murder)?