1. The urban centres of the Harappan civilization developed from which millennium BCE.

2600 BCE

Explanation:

The urban centers of the Harappan civilization developed from the 2600 millennium BCE.

The urban centers during this period included places like Harappa, Ganeriwala, Mohenjo-Daro in present-day Pakistan, Dholavira, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Rupar, and Lothal in present day India.

Harappan civilization occurred along with the Mohenjo-Daro civilization around 2600BC

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.