Because a researcher may overemphasize the scientific value of their own research: a. an IRB must be consulted to make recommendations regarding ethical dilemmas.
b. they are usually quite willing to abuse research participants.
c. an IRB will apply the formula that objectively calculates the benefits of the research.
d. they will frequently deceive the participants to gain their consent.

a. an IRB must be consulted to make recommendations regarding ethical dilemmas.

Explanation:

Scientific values: It is considered as values that are being surveyed, utilizing a specific scale from "zero to ten", and have been asked to rate curiosity, attentiveness, objectivity, humility to evidence, courage, meticulousness, collaborative, honesty, skepticism, and perseverance in regards to their significance for "scientific research".

Ethical dilemmas are considered as specific situations whereby there is a hard choice to be formed between two or more than two options, neither of which tends to resolve the situation consistently with established ethical guidelines.

In the question above, the given statement represents option-a as the correct answer.

answer; ok in rural area most people depend on private transportation(cars),pick up truck,donkey and buggy: ),and urban people can walk or ride public transportation,bus,train cab,uber.

hello,

answer: a federal government has final authority on interstate/inter provincial  and international affairs, a confederation is one where the central/national government or authority is governing body what does not have final say over the same matters. hopefully this and i will try again if you don't like this answer : )

best of luck!