According to drive-reduction theories of motivation what is the goal of behavior

We we ask what a text means, we are inquiring, at least in part, about its a general idea or insight conveyed by the word in its entirety.

An experimenter is examining the relationship between age and self-disclosure. a large sample of participants that are 25 to 35 years old and participants that are 65 to 75 years old are compared, and significant differences are found with younger participants disclosing much more than older people. the researcher reports an effect size of .34. what does this mean

How did european immigrants of the late 1800s change american society