What are the two general principles that determine whether the federal courts have jurisdiction over a case

Subject matter jurisdiction:
Subject matter jurisdiction means that the court has the authority to hear the type of case or controversy initiated in its court.

Federal question jurisdiction:
Federal courts have original subject matter jurisdiction over cases involving a question or issue of federal law.

Texas’ gulf coastal plains are the western extension of the coastal plain extending from the atlantic ocean to beyond the rio grande. its characteristic rolling to hilly surface covered with a heavy growth of pine and hardwoods extends into east texas. in the increasingly arid west, however, its forests become secondary in nature, consisting largely of post oaks and, farther west, prairies and brushlands.