Who organized trade in medieval cities and towns? guilds• clergy knights journeymen 2. what is a fief? a ruler of the franks a ruler in charlemagne's empire land given in exchange for loyalty• a viking warrior 3. christians and muslims wanted to control the holy land because of the region's gold mines. they needed supplies for their armies. it had valuable water resources. they believed it was a sacred place.• 4. all of the following advances in technology contributed to the age of exploration except the mariner's compass. circumnavigation.• the astrolabe. the caravel. 5. how did peter the great change russia? he reduced its land holdings. he modernized the army.• he sold its seaports to raise money. he destroyed its industry. 6. which statement describes the thinking of the enlightenment? the power of reason is most important.• scientific ideas must fit religious beliefs. only god knows how the world works. faith is more important than science. 7. what was one cause of the english civil war? elizabeth was a bad queen. william and mary were catholic. henry viii refused to marry. charles i did not recognize parliament's power.• 8. what event to cause world war ii? the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand• the decline of nationalism the german invasion of poland the end of serfdom in russia 9. why did the cold war end? capitalism failed. the korean war began. nations took sides. communism in eastern europe and the soviet union collapsed. • 10. the members of nafta are the u. s. and mexico. the u. s. and canada. canada and mexico. the u. s., canada, and mexico.•