A study that moves from general to specific is:

Deductive reasoning.

Explanation:

Deductive reasoning moves from the general to the specific or from a general premise to a particular situation or conclusion. Inductive reasoning moves from the specific to the general; particular instances are observed and then combined into a larger whole or a general statement. Operational refers to defining terms in the study.

south, because if you took a map you would see texas is directly in the middle of east and west, but it is also downwards towards mexico, therefore it is south

answer; john locke;