Why do you think there were changes and shifts to the party system

Basically this is due to the party changing their policies which attracts voters that normally would not have voted for that specific party and alienating their previous voters who do not agree with the policy shifts.

Explanation:

answer; (b) capitalism;

earlier philosophers whose work influenced the enlightenment included bacon, descartes, locke, and spinoza. the major figures of the enlightenment included beccaria, diderot, hume, kant, montesquieu, rousseau, adam smith, and voltaire. it spread the ideas of the enlightenment across europe and beyond.