Which american indian group became feared enemies of the spanish, especially after they obtained horses?

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. which of the following possible court cases could legitimately be argued under the terms of the quote above? a person says that bail for a suspect in a serious federal crime is too low. a person claims that charging court fees is an unconstitutional policy. a person complains that a sentence is too long for the crime. a person argues that jails and prisons are inhumane.

Energy is the total kinetic energy of particles of matter.(chose wisely & pick one) a. mechanical b.thermal c.electrical d.chemical

Federal courts have jurisdiction when a case involves what?