To what extent did European imperialism impact the development of Africa in the decades following independence?

The Europeans impacted the development of Africa by making their government unstable and making many African live in poverty

Explanation:

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the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.