What was created in Europe when lords/kings centralized their military power?

Catherine sat down will all of her income details from the past year to calculate the total income she had in that period. after she created a consolidated income statement, she deducted some tax-exempt income details from the statement. what term would catherine use for this final income calculation?

What can you conclude about the information given here ? a)juveniles must testify in court b)adults are held to a lower standard c)the state guarantees that juveniles have legal rights much like those of adults d) punishment for juveniles violators are much more strict than those for adults

Arecent challenge to the european union created by a member state is?