Punishment can result in a(n). a. increase in aggression or passive aggressiveness. b. increase in the target behavior. c. decrease in avoidance behavior. d. decrease in learned helplessness.

Punishment can result in a(n).

a. increase in aggression or passive aggressiveness.

b. increase in the target behavior.

c. decrease in avoidance behavior.

d. decrease in learned helplessness.

e. decrease in the target behavior

e. decrease in the target behavior

Explanation:

The positive punishment is expected to bring a change in the wrong doer. The adverse behavior is less likely to appear in future. For example, if a child throws a piece of chalk on his fellow classmate the teacher can reprimand the child this is likely to bring change in the child. This way the target negative behavior of throwing chalk can be reduced.

Negative punishment is given when a certain reinforcing stimulus is removed after the occurrence or increase in tendency of undesired behavior. For example, the child throws a chalk on fellow classmate is punished and suspended from games activity. This is likely to decrease the target behavior.