When ecologists study the way energy is distributed over a food chain or the rate at which nutrients are recycled, they're engaged in in an effort to understand how the whole system works. a) habitat ecology b) systemic analysis c) ecosystem ecology d) biosphere studies

In e. c. tolman's experiment, some rats were trained to run through mazes for standard food goals, while other rats were allowed to explore the mazes for 10 days without food goals or other rewards. later, when food rewards were placed in a box at the far end of the maze, the previously unrewarded rats reached the food box as quickly as the rewarded rats after only one or two trials. this experiment demonstrated that the rats had the ability to form of their surroundings.