The Umayyad caliphs expanded the empire by

by using  production possibilities graph.  opportunity costs are key expenses in financial matters and are utilized as a part of registering money saving advantage investigation of a venture. such expenses, be that as it may, are not recorded in the record books but rather are perceived in basic leadership by processing the money costs and their subsequent benefit or misfortune.

q1: artillery

q2: simon bolivar

q3:   their workers and farmers demanded a return to spanish rule.

q4: drafted new constitutions

q5: oligarchies have replaced monarchies