Part II: Application and Critical Thinking (20 points) 6. The primary goal of political parties is to shape public policy. However, political parties are
also one of the linkage institutions that help citizens connect with the U. S. government. Write a
short essay analyzing the functions of political parties. Your essay should address the following
questions:
1. What are common ways political parties attempt to shape public policy?
2. Why is it important for parties to influence public opinion if they want to shape public
policy?
3. To what degree do you think political parties allow citizens to participate in the
democratic process? Do they give some citizens more opportunity to participate than
others? How could political parties be made more successful as linkage institutions?

Afull irb committee meeting is convened and one agenda item is a new research proposal to evaluate how mothers interact with their learning-disabled child. the inclusion criteria require the children to be a minimum of five years of age. the protocol requires the mother of the child to look at the child without any expression and not to talk to the child for three minutes. the committee determined that the mother's required task may upset the child. the irb approved the study with appropriate language in the parental permission form regarding the possibility that children might become upset. after the start of the study, the principal investigator reports to the irb that, as expected, one of the children became upset. the incident was handled according to the protocol and the child is fine. what should the irb do with regard to this report?

How do most people in israel and its neighbors differ from political extremists such as terrorists

To create the proper tone for an argumentative essay, writers should delete personal “i” statements. include vague statements. remove any slang words. focus on the evidence.