Who ruled the city-state before monarchs

Which statement best explains the "culture of life? " (plato) a. it is the belief that all life is sacred and the implementation of policy in line with that vision. b. it is the idea that human embryos should be used to find cures to medical conditions. c. it is the belief that god created the world and that no one should meddle in affairs of life and death. d. it is the belief that human beings have the right to determine when and how they should die.