How were American Indian cultures shaped by their environment before the arrival of Europeans?

A. spinoza thinks that we human beings are due for what was described in class as an “ontological demotion.” explain this ontological demotion, comparing his view of what we are to a more traditional aristotelian view. (you should concentrate on spinoza’s views on the human body, but be sure to say something about what he thinks the human mind is.) why does he think the demotion is needed? is he right? explain why the demotion matters to the overall project of the ethics.

When recursive formula can be used to determine the total amount of money earned in any year based on the amount earned in the previous years?

In exchange for land, a knight agrees to be a sort of sub-vassal to a vassal. this agreement was known as: investiture homage tyranny subinfeudation