What is the standard form of the following claim: None of my students is failing. a. All students of mine are not students who are failing. b. No student who is failing is a student of mine. c. No students of mine are students who are failing.

What impact did improvements in farming technology near the end of the nineteenth century have on the american economy? a. more energy was needed to power equipment, creating the renewable energy industry. b. less labor was necessary on farms, leading workers to pursue other jobs. c. less money was invested in farming as many locally owned farms went bankrupt. d. more demand for agricultural products reduced the price of food and animal products.

An experimenter is examining the relationship between age and self-disclosure. a large sample of participants that are 25 to 35 years old and participants that are 65 to 75 years old are compared, and significant differences are found with younger participants disclosing much more than older people. the researcher reports an effect size of .34. what does this mean

“dear sir: it is with great reluctance, i trouble you on a subject, which does not fall within your province; but it is a subject that occasions me more distress, than i have felt, since the commencement of the war; and which loudly demands the most zealous exertions of every person of weight and authority, who is interested in the success of our affairs. i mean the present dreadful situation of the army for want of provisions, and the miserable prospects before us, with respect to futurity. it is more alarming than you will probably conceive, for, to form a just idea, it were necessary to be on the spot. for some days past, there has been little less, than a famine in camp. a part of the army has been a week, without any kind of flesh, and the rest for three or four days. naked and starving as they are, we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the soldiery, that they have not been ere this excited by their sufferings, to a general mutiny or dispersion. strong symptoms, however, discontent have appeared in particular instances; and nothing but the most acitive efforts every where can long avert so shocking a catastrophe.” what’s the central idea?