John, a white American, wasn't sure what to do when he was called on to make a toast at the Filipino engagement party for his friend. He "winged it," patterning his remarks after the last toast by the groom's father and it seemed to be well received. John engaged in , because he didn't know exactly what to say.

Improvisation Performance

Explanation:

Improvisation Performance is a spontaneous activity  done by using any available resources or tools found at a particular time to do something that was initially planned 0r prepared for.  To give a good toast, John drew inspiration from the groom's father's toast when  being called out of the blues which he  was not prepared for.   Giving the toast with the resource available at hand is called improvisation.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)