In which of the following early civilizations could a peasant rise to a higher position by scoring well on an exam? Han China Harappan india Assyran Mesopotamia

The correct answer is A. Han China

Explanation:

In Ancient China, including during the Tang dynasty, the Song dynasty, and the Han dynasty, there was a system of examinations used to select bureaucrats. These examinations began in the Han dynasty but become a formal system only until the Song dynasty. This implied those that were part of the government were selected based on their merit rather than their social position, popularity, or family. In this context, a peasant or anyone in a low class could rise to a higher position if they obtained a high score in the Imperial examinations.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.