1.What is the MAIN REASON that Islam has to adjust and change after Muhammad’s death? 2.Imagine you are a Caliph in the Umayyad dynasty, and you now have to rule over non-Muslim lands and peoples, in addition to your current Islamic followers.
What might be some of the struggles of ruling these diverse groups and integrating them into your Islamic empire?

What might be some pros and cons of allowing non-Muslims to keep their faiths?

What might be some pros and cons of forcing Christians to become Muslims?

What might be some laws you could make to balance these two extremes?

Asociologist wants to study a culture that occurs in some women’s prisons: “state families,” in which individual prisoners take on certain roles within a group of like-minded prisoners. there is previous evidence that younger prisoners will use older inmates who play the roles of grandparents as a resource before they will turn to staff for and advice. the lieutenant in charge of a dorm of long-term prisoners offers to gather volunteers to speak to the researcher and also offers to vouch for the integrity of the researcher. the use of this staff is: a valid use of a statistical technique referred to “snowball sampling” wherein the inclusion of the first subject leads to the recruitment of another one subject.a useful tactic in obtaining a sample of prisoners who both meet the criteria and who will be honest with the researcher.wrong and is prohibited; subject selection needs to be free from intervention by prison authorities or prisoners.acceptable only when the researcher’s irb grants a special waiver.

4. discuss three characteristics of postmodern society? how does postmodern society differ in these characteristics than pre-industrial or modern societies?

Which factor contributed to the rise of african empires such as ghana and mali ? a. their creation and involvement in trade networks b. they focused only on agricultural production. c. they didn’t engage in warfare with other nations d. their geographic location protected them from attacks.