During the 1980s, social programs in the United States were
a) expanded.
b) reduced.
c) left unchanged.
d) completely eliminated.

B.) Reduced.

Explanation:

The Reagan administration is sometimes thought to have reversed the  growth of the welfare state by eliminating or shrinking welfare programs at all  levels of government and by removing new re-distributional initiatives from  the national agenda. This assault on the welfare state was motivated at least in  part by philosophical considerations. Leaving aside questions of cost and efficacy, the new administration aimed to confine welfare payments to the “deserving poor” (the aged, children, the permanently disabled, and others who  could not be expected to enter the work force) in order to reduce the distorting  effects of welfare both in labor markets and on the moral character of recipients. In practice, the administration sought to reduce payments to those with  relatively high incomes by tightening eligibility standards and by reducing  benefit levels on various programs (Palmer and Sawhill 1982).

a) expanded

Explanation:

AIDS, Abortion, Drug Abuse, Education, Urban Crisis, Equal Rights

answer; collective security;

swahili is an extremely rich and complex civilization, a set of ethnic groups articulated by a language and a series of cultural elements that fuse the african traditions, islam and indian culture. this growth was largely a result of the indian ocean trading network that brought in not just man-made riches, but also religious ideas, specifically islam, which had a significant impact on the local culture. furthermore, the development of the swahili language gave a common cultural unity to the people.