Montel, a white university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Ever since he receivednotice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of:

A)ingroup bias.

B)the mere exposure effect.

C)the just-world phenomenon.

D)the scapegoat theory.

E)the reciprocity