Tina is a very good student: Her grades are high, she is involved in extracurricular activities, and typically she excels at anything she tries. Therefore, when she caused an accident her second day of driver's ed., her instructor was shocked. The instructor's disbelief is most probably a result of

The answer is the halo effect.

Explanation:

The halo effect consists of the tendency to have good impressions related to a person, a company, or a product in a specific area to influence an individual's opinions in other areas. This is considered a type of cognitive bias.

The halo effect can be considered a perception distortion that usually affects how people interpret some kind of information concerning an individual. People have formed a positive gestalt about this individual.