Last year, Dr. Moritano cleaned Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?
A. classical conditioning
B. cognitive learning
C. negative reinforcement
D. operant conditioning

Classical conditioning

Explanation:

Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a conditioned stimulus is linked to an unconditioned stimulus that is totally unconnected, with the aim of eliciting a behavioral response referred to as a conditioned response.

For example, in dogs, before conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus (food) will result to a dog salivating (unconditioned response) while just a neutral stimulus (whistle blowing) will result to no response. But when the neutral stimulus is combined frequently with an unconditioned stimulus it results to an unconditioned response. With time when the whistle is used only, the dog will begin to salivate because it has been able to associate whistle blowing with food which is now a conditioned stimulus, and this response is referred to as a conditioned response.

From the question above and the illustration, classical conditioning accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol

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the first question's answer is a.